The all volunteer force

The all volunteer force. Jun 30, 2023 · Saturday, July 1, marks the 50th anniversary of the all-volunteer force in the American military when officials did away with the draft, lotteries and conscripting young men into the service. In the hustle and bustle of the holiday season, it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of gift-giving and receiving. However, Christmas is also a time for giving back to those in need. One way to make a meaningful impact on this speci...The All-Volunteer Force is the most comprehensive assessment of the force since its advent and reveals the momentous sway the AVF has had on the military, government, and society. In crafting this far-reaching collection of essays, William A. Taylor examines the AVF in four distinct parts, analyzing its history, results, challenges, and ...The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force', Bernard Rostker describes the development and history of our all-volunteer military from 1960 through 2006… A fascinating and truly useful aspect of this book is Rostker's pairing of narrative chapters describing historical developments with documentary chapters in which he reviews the analyses and ... The war in Iraq is the latest and, in some ways, the severest test of the all-volunteer force. It is a test that actually started with the end of the Cold War, during the administration of the first President Bush. The first Gulf War seemed to definitively answer the question of the efficacy of the all-volunteer force. Jul 1, 2023 · The establishment of the All-Volunteer Force in 1973 represented a pivotal transition from the draft system to a voluntary military, ushering in a more professional and dedicated force. Researchers from CNAS’ Military, Veterans, and Society Program share their insights on the significance of this milestone and its implications for the future ... By Courtney Kube and Mosheh Gains. About 2,000 U.S. troops have been put on prepare-to-deploy orders for possible support to Israel, according to a defense official. The troops are not being sent ...Fiscal year (FY) 2022 marked the U.S. Army’s worst recruiting year since the inception of the all-volunteer force (AVF) in 1973. 1 The Army missed its target of sixty thousand recruits by nearly fifteen thousand, leading to a reduction in end strength of twenty-one thousand over the previous year and prompting Secretary of the Army Christine ...31 mar 2021 ... The All-Volunteer Force was implemented in 1973. During the 20 years of war in the Middle East, few of us have known those who have served ...All-Volunteer Force 16 5. Distribution of AFQT Scores for Non-Prior-Service Recruits in the All-Volunteer Force, by Scoring Category, 1973 to 2006 17 6. Percentage of Non-Prior-Service Recruits Considered High Quality by the Military, 1973 to 2006 18 7. Percentage of Black Personnel in the Active Enlisted Force, by Service, 1973 to 2006 22 8. Yarden Reskin, a member of Mefalsim’s volunteer security force who spent hours exchanging fire with militants – helping prevent any deaths inside the community – …A Brief History of the AVF. The Nixon administration created the All-Volunteer Force in 1973, in the final days of the Vietnam War. 3 During the 15 years that followed, the Department of Defense built AVF 1.0, a force optimized to fight short wars with overwhelming force, and to conduct the occasional “operation other than war,” too.Could an all-volunteer force attract enough recruits who were capable of the ever growing technological advances in naval forces? They have. Over the past 50 years, the United States Navy evolved into the world’s leading technological naval force through continuous innovation and a commitment to staying at the forefront of naval technology.The heavier the weight you are moving is, the more force the muscles must create to be able to “pull the bone” and create movement. The more force is produced, the greater stress the tendons are under.As I explained earlier, the body has protective mechanisms in place to prevent it from tearing itself apart through voluntary actions.Sep 21, 2023 · This year, the all-volunteer force’s 50th, has been another tough one for military recruiting. The largest services will all miss their recruiting targets. The Army, which fell short last year by 15,000 recruits — 25 percent of its annual goal — expects to fall short by over 15 percent this year. The Navy and Air Force will also miss ... Sep 21, 2023 · Mark T. Esper was defense secretary from 2019 to 2020 and is the author of “A Sacred Oath: Memoirs of a Secretary of Defense During Extraordinary Times.”. America’s all-volunteer force is ... Long, slow decline of the US military's all-volunteer force puts America in danger . Obesity, drug use, health problems, crime and academic issues jeopardize US ...This year, the all-volunteer force’s 50th, has been another tough one for military recruiting. The largest services will all miss their recruiting targets. The Army, which fell short last year by 15,000 recruits — 25 percent of its annual goal — expects to fall short by over 15 percent this year. The Navy and Air Force will also miss ...Volunteering for a charity is not only a fulfilling way to give back to your community but also an opportunity to make a positive impact on the lives of others. However, with so many charities out there, it can be overwhelming to choose whe...From Black Boots to Desert Boots: The All-Volunteer Army Experiment Continues (Philadelphia, PA: Foreign Policy Research Institute, May 2014). 11 . The Report of The President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, 12-20. 12 Mark J. Eitelberg, “The All-Volunteer Force after Twenty Years,” in . Professionals on the FrontWith less than 1 percent of Americans serving in the armed forces today, there are both risks and benefits to a subset of the U.S. population bearing the burdens of war. This paper begins by describing the history of the All-Volunteer Force and the demographics of the military today. Next, it provides the currently available data on the warrior ...After 10 years of war, it’s time to gather lessons. For the last 10 years, the United States has conducted a nearly unprecedented experiment: fighting two wars with a completely volunteer force. Many commentators predicted failure and collapse. Instead, military forces have remained effective even in the face of great stress, uncertain ...Angelo State is excited to host the fourth AVF Forum Conference titled “The All-Volunteer Force Nears 50: History, Challenges, Sustainability and Stakehold.Nov 23, 2009 · America’s Army is the story of the all-volunteer force, from the draft protests and policy proposals of the 1960s through the Iraq War. It is also a history of America in the post-Vietnam era. In the Army, America directly confronted the legacies of civil rights and black power, the women’s movement, and gay rights. Hosted collaboratively by Syracuse and the University of Tennessee, the summit is being held during the 50th anniversary of the end of the military draft and the birth of America’s all-volunteer force—and at a time when both the military and higher education face significant challenges, including recruitment and enrollment, respectively.A register of all in force general directions may be inspected during office hours at the relevant harbour office of the Council (article 31). This Order creates an offence of failing to comply with special or general directions, the penalty for which is a fine on summary conviction not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale (article 35).Angelo State is excited to host the fourth AVF Forum Conference titled “The All-Volunteer Force Nears 50: History, Challenges, Sustainability and Stakehold.Jun 28, 2023 · The 50th anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force has coincided with the most acute recruiting crisis in decades. Each of the services has struggled to meet recruiting goals, but none more so than the Army, which failed to meet its target by 15,000 soldiers, or 25 percent, during fiscal year 2022. The recruiting crisis has combined with ... June 13, 2023 | By Jim Garamone , DOD News | "You can't quit, Trainee. You VOLUNTEERED." Military training instructors throughout the U.S. armed forces began shouting this (or something very like... josh jackson height basketball high scorers Importance of the All-Volunteer force This year marks the 50th Anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force. To remain the most capable force in the world, our U.S. military recruits and retains the ...Frictional force is the force created by two surfaces contacting and sliding against each other. There several different forms of frictional forces, such as dry friction and fluid friction.1 state provides abortions only in cases of life endangerment, in apparent violation of the federal standard. 17 states have a policy that directs Medicaid to pay for all or most medically necessary abortions. 8 of these states provide such funds voluntarily. 9 of these states do so pursuant to a court order. Printer-friendly version.Shoes by Size Big Kids (3.5Y - 7Y) Little Kids (10.5C - 3Y) Baby & Toddler (1C - 10C) All Shoes Lifestyle Jordan Air Max Air Force 1 Dunks & Blazers Basketball Running Boots …Academia, one of the UK’s leading IT services and solutions providers, announced its commitment to serve local charities by sending a team of 12 volunteers on Thursday 19 th October to help Coram’s Fields and Harmsworth Memorial Playground make their park a safer place for children to play.. Coram’s Fields is a children’s charity that …Jul 18, 2022 · When you layer that on top of the fact that fewer people are likely to recommend military service, it paints a very clear picture of concern related to the future of the all-volunteer force.” The dream of a two-state solution was first raised in 1937, 11 years before the formation of Israel. The idea was for Israelis and Palestinians to negotiate a settlement …All-Volunteer (Recruited) Force Then, now, future by Col Jeffery M. Morgan >Col Morgan is the Chief of Staff, Marine Corps Recruiting Command. “Recruiting is where it all begins. Recruiting high-quality applicants for the Corps is terribly expensive, but the price of not doing it is disaster. We must beJan 27, 2023 · This month marks the 50th Anniversary of the all-volunteer force. On January 27, 1973, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announced: “The Armed Forces henceforth will depend exclusively on volunteer soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines. Use of the draft has ended.”. outline of a bill kansas football update 69 reviews of Pleasant Hill Library "pleasant hill has one of the larger libraries in contra costa county. the selection of books is pretty decent and like all other ccc libraries, you can see what's there and place holds online. the library also is home to the second chance adult literacy volunteer program and houses a computer lab that's open a couple of nights a …This year, the all-volunteer force’s 50th, has been another tough one for military recruiting. The largest services will all miss their recruiting targets. The Army, which fell short last year by 15,000 recruits — 25 percent of its annual goal — expects to fall short by over 15 percent this year.The All-Volunteer Force came into effect on July 1, 1973, after recommendations from the Gates Commission won over debate on Capitol Hill. President Nixon signed the bill on September 21, 1971 ... nour brawadis To submit an event for announcement on the JBLE Happenings, complete the submission form.. 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' Contest & Rules - The 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' will take place at the 128th Aviation Brigade school house, Friday, Oct. 27, 5:30 - 8:30 p.m. Anyone with base access is eligible to participate in the 'Trunk or Treat' contest, but must ... tax exempt w4 can't believe it gif online tesol programs Sep 15, 2023 · Importance of the All-Volunteer force This year marks the 50th Anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force. To remain the most capable force in the world, our U.S. military recruits and retains the ... By Stuart SchellerFebruary 03, 2023. America’s all-volunteer military is slowly shrinking in size and talent despite leadership’s prevention efforts. Without new leadership and ideas, war inevitably becomes the only safeguard against America’s pending military implosion. The Commandant of the Marine Corps addressed current military ...When you layer that on top of the fact that fewer people are likely to recommend military service, it paints a very clear picture of concern related to the future of the all-volunteer force.” community stakeholders in public health Air defense forces downed all aerial targets, Rubryka reports, referring to the Ukrainian Air Force. Thanks to the successful combat work of anti-aircraft missile units, mobile fire groups, and Air Force jets, in cooperation with the Air Defense Forces, 13 Shahed-136/131 drones, one guided air missile Kh-59, and one attack UAV were … kansas social work between the all-volunteer force and the citizens it serves. With the exception of certain notable materials, resources listed in this bibliography are dated 2008 to the present. All items are available through the USAWC Library. For your convenience, we have added U.S. Army War College Library call numbers, Internet addresses, or database By Stuart SchellerFebruary 03, 2023. America’s all-volunteer military is slowly shrinking in size and talent despite leadership’s prevention efforts. Without new leadership and ideas, war inevitably becomes the only safeguard against America’s pending military implosion. The Commandant of the Marine Corps addressed current military ...The ranking member of the Senate Armed Services Personnel Subcommittee highlighted threat to the all-volunteer force at a recent hearing . "The 2023 NDAA will coincide with the 50th anniversary of the all-volunteer force," said Sen. Thom Tillis (R-N.C.). "To put it bluntly, I’m worried we are now in the early days of a long-term threat to the ...In the hustle and bustle of the holiday season, it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of gift-giving and receiving. However, Christmas is also a time for giving back to those in need. One way to make a meaningful impact on this speci...To submit an event for announcement on the JBLE Happenings, complete the submission form.. 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' Contest & Rules - The 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' will take place at the 128th Aviation Brigade school house, Friday, Oct. 27, 5:30 - 8:30 p.m. Anyone with base access is eligible to participate in the 'Trunk or Treat' contest, but must ... gonzaga basketball schedule espn 123movies to everything everything Jun 28, 2023 · The 50th anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force has coincided with the most acute recruiting crisis in decades. Each of the services has struggled to meet recruiting goals, but none more so than the Army, which failed to meet its target by 15,000 soldiers, or 25 percent, during fiscal year 2022. The recruiting crisis has combined with ... “In the Army’s most challenging recruiting year since the start of the all-volunteer force, we will only achieve 75% of our fiscal year 22 recruiting goal,” Army Secretary Christine Wormuth ...Jun 30, 2023 · WASHINGTON — On July 1, 2023, the U.S. Army and the nation celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the all-volunteer force. For half a century, the call to serve has been answered with Americans... GPO S/N: 008-029-00536-1. The U.S. Army's Transition to the All-Volunteer Force is a compelling analysis of the process by which the Army responded to the requirements of creating an all-volunteer force, reestablished in the United States at midnight on 30 June 1973 when induction authority expired. That the transition from virtual dependency ... la pupusa salvadorena In most ways, the all-volunteer force has been a tremendous success. The U.S. military today is the most capable, effective, and professional military force in the world. Despite serious concerns that the demands of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan would “break” the all-volunteer force, it has proven more durable and resilient than even its ...31 lug 2023 ... These determined young people represent one element of the All-Volunteer Force (AVF), which marked its 50th anniversary this year after military ...February 20, 1970. As the nation approaches the 50th Anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force (AVF) on July 1, 2023, the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) is assembling a bipartisan task force examining the mechanics of AVF personnel management, identifying areas for evolution, and developing a modernized AVF roadmap for the next 50 years. strengths of social workers where do i mail my pslf form All-Volunteer Force 16 5. Distribution of AFQT Scores for Non-Prior-Service Recruits in the All-Volunteer Force, by Scoring Category, 1973 to 2006 17 6. Percentage of Non-Prior-Service Recruits Considered High Quality by the Military, 1973 to 2006 18 7. Percentage of Black Personnel in the Active Enlisted Force, by Service, 1973 to 2006 22 8. Mar 21, 2023 · The Space Force intends to spend $12 million to promote its brand in the public sector. [RELATED: Air Force Will Likely Miss Recruiting Goals, Service Secretary Says] MOAA’s Position. The all-volunteer force is our national strategic advantage. Maintaining such a capability requires protecting the quality of life for our uniformed community. Miss Teen Baguio Grand Coronation NightPaperback 407 pages. $60.00. $48.00 20% Web Discount. An overview of the broad trends and policies that have emerged during the transition from the selective service draft to an all-volunteer military. The report is divided into three parts. Part I discusses the factors underlying the decision to end the draft. The Report of the President's Commission on An All-Volunteer Armed Force is a historic document that outlines the proposal to abolish the draft and create a professional military in the United States. The report was commissioned by President Richard Nixon in 1969 and presented to him in 1970 by a panel of experts led by Thomas S. Gates Jr. The report explains the rationale, benefits and ...To submit an event for announcement on the JBLE Happenings, complete the submission form.. 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' Contest & Rules - The 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' will take place at the 128th Aviation Brigade school house, Friday, Oct. 27, 5:30 - 8:30 p.m. Anyone with base access is eligible to participate in the 'Trunk or Treat' contest, but must ...Prior to 1973's all-volunteer force, a near-continuous conscription began with President Franklin D. Roosevelt's activation of the nation's first peacetime draft in support of World War II ...16 ott 2009 ... U.S. Army Secretary Pete Geren and Army Chief of Staff Gen. George Casey preside over the ceremony where thirty one soldiers and new recruits ...Te decision to move to an all-volunteer force (AVF) was made prior to 27 March 1969 when President Nixon appointed an advisory commission on an all-volunteer armed force under the chair-manship of Te Honorable Tomas S. Gates Jr., former secretary of defense. Te President’s state-ment announcing the formation of the commission 27 lug 2023 ... Image courtesy of the Defense Department. “Imagine trying to talk people in the Army into believing that the volunteer force was essentially a ...Lawmakers Are Back Home, Ask Them to Support the All-Volunteer Force. The 50th anniversary of the AVF should mark a celebration, not a recruiting crisis. Since the end of the military draft in 1973, the AVF has protected our nation at home and abroad. Now fewer 18–24-year-olds each year have the desire (defined as propensity by DoD) or ...ON FEBRUARY 23, 1970—the day after the New York Times printed the substance of the Gates Commission report—forty-two agencies got letters soliciting bids for the army’s recruiting advertising account. The timing is the stuff of Hollywood film and television sitcom, the fortuitous coincidence on which the course of history turns, though ... thenicolet linktree Mar 28, 2017 · A Brief History of the AVF. The Nixon administration created the All-Volunteer Force in 1973, in the final days of the Vietnam War. 3 During the 15 years that followed, the Department of Defense built AVF 1.0, a force optimized to fight short wars with overwhelming force, and to conduct the occasional “operation other than war,” too. Mar 2, 2023 · All-Volunteer Force Proves Successful for U.S. Military March 2, 2023 | By C. Todd Lopez , DOD News | At the end of January 1973, then-Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird announced the U.S.... 11 nov 2009 ... The central message of this report is that a new generation of veterans is returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan without sufficient ...Seamands said the transition to the all-volunteer force changed the national dialogue about the Army when it was implemented. "Americans have a lot to be proud of and one of them is the all ... iowa stubborn Nov 23, 2009 · America's Army is the story of the all-volunteer force, from the draft protests and policy proposals of the 1960s through the Iraq War. Based on exhaustive archival research, as well as interviews with Army officers and recruiters, advertising executives, and policy makers, America's Army confronts the political, moral, and social issues a volunteer force raises for a democratic society as ... The movement to an All-Volunteer Force (AVF) culminated after a 4-year effort. The AVF was seriously considered by the Johnson Administration in the mid 1960s. Late in 1968 the Army began to study moving to an all-volunteer force, nd at about the same time a Department of Defense (DOD)-wide effort, Project Volunteer, began. Project Volunteer was aBut perhaps the greatest danger of the all-volunteer force lies in the slow but steady gulf that has been growing between the American people and those who protect them. The pool of those willing to serve is shrinking year by year. At the same time the culture of America’s military seems to be moving farther and farther away from those who serve.Airmen stand in formation at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida on May 31, 2017. ... “I’m worried we’re now in the early days of a long-term threat to the all-volunteer force, with a small and ... community organization examples Oct 18, 2022 · The all-volunteer force (AVF) model was meant to improve the professionalism of the force, which it has, but it also depends on success in convincing young Americans in large numbers to join the ... A smaller volunteer force has consequences. In the over-75 age group, 44% of the men and 1% of the women are veterans. In the under-34 age group, among men it is 3% and women less than 1%. The ...31 mar 2021 ... The All-Volunteer Force was implemented in 1973. During the 20 years of war in the Middle East, few of us have known those who have served ...See full list on rand.org America’s Army is the story of the all-volunteer force, from the draft protests and policy proposals of the 1960s through the Iraq War. It is also a history of America in the post-Vietnam era. In the Army, America directly confronted the legacies of civil rights and black power, the women’s movement, and gay rights.The success of the All-Volunteer Force was not inevitable. Fifty years ago, there were questions as to whether we could attract the talent our military needed, or whether Americans would answer ... 1986 syracuse basketball roster bachelor of atmospheric science The all-volunteer force may finally have reached its breaking point. During the first years of the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, many military experts worried that the constant deployments would “break” the force since they expected that fewer young Americans would volunteer to serve in a wartime military. Thankfully, that didn’t ...31 lug 2023 ... These determined young people represent one element of the All-Volunteer Force (AVF), which marked its 50th anniversary this year after military ...Sep 11, 2023 · Taking these hidden and neglected costs into account, the actual cost to the nation of an all-volunteer force will be lower than the cost of the present force. See Thomas Gates et al., The Report of the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, February 1970, 9. Jul 27, 2022 · For the Air Force, a key shortfall is the lack of pilots: At the end of 2021, the service faced a shortage of 1,650 aviators, down from 1,925 the year before, Air Force spokesperson Rose Riley ... Jun 28, 2023 · The All-Volunteer Force came into effect on July 1, 1973, after recommendations from the Gates Commission won over debate on Capitol Hill. President Nixon signed the bill on September 21, 1971 ... The movement to an All-Volunteer Force (AVF) culminated after a 4-year effort. The AVF was seriously considered by the Johnson Administration in the mid 1960s. Late in 1968 the Army began to study moving to an all-volunteer force, nd at about the same time a Department of Defense (DOD)-wide effort, Project Volunteer, began. Project Volunteer was aThe Virginia Defense Force has been in existence since the early 1600's with one real mission in hand, that was and is, to protect the people of the Commonwealth of Virginia. …Lawmakers Are Back Home, Ask Them to Support the All-Volunteer Force. The 50th anniversary of the AVF should mark a celebration, not a recruiting crisis. Since the end of the military draft in 1973, the AVF has protected our nation at home and abroad. Now fewer 18–24-year-olds each year have the desire (defined as propensity by DoD) or ...its military. Although significantly strained at various points in its history, the All-Volunteer Force (AVF) has managed to provide the personnel necessary to support a wide range of military operations. Volunteers faced down th e threat of Soviet attack until the c ollapse of the Soviet Union.Volunteering is an incredibly rewarding experience. Not only does it give you the opportunity to help others, but it can also be a great way to meet new people and learn new skills.Air defense forces downed all aerial targets, Rubryka reports, referring to the Ukrainian Air Force. Thanks to the successful combat work of anti-aircraft missile units, mobile fire groups, and Air Force jets, in cooperation with the Air Defense Forces, 13 Shahed-136/131 drones, one guided air missile Kh-59, and one attack UAV were …When Hamas militants broke through the Gaza fence in this month’s unprecedented attack on Israel, the kibbutz of Mefalsim was on the front lines. Members … pittsburg kansas university All-volunteer force (AVF), military force composed solely of volunteers, without resorting to a military draft. The United Kingdom was one of the first nations to abolish conscription and has relied on an AVF since 1960, followed by New Zealand and Australia in 1972.Nov 17, 2010 · all-volunteer force is fighting the longest war of the all-volunteer era. NCOs have significantly contributed to the success of these conflicts as small-unit leaders. The all-volunteer force allowed the Army to set standards for enlistment as opposed to conscription where any able-bodied individuals could serve. In 1973, only half of the recruits With a record low number of Americans eligible to serve, and few of those willing to do it, this "is the year we question the sustainability of the all-volunteer force,” said an expert. IE 11 is ...69 reviews of Pleasant Hill Library "pleasant hill has one of the larger libraries in contra costa county. the selection of books is pretty decent and like all other ccc libraries, you can see what's there and place holds online. the library also is home to the second chance adult literacy volunteer program and houses a computer lab that's open a couple of nights a … xenoverse 2 how to raise friendship The all-volunteer force remains a successful reform born out of the Vietnam era. Evidence of this success is noteworthy this year for many reasons. The anniversary of Desert Storm certainly brings ...The war in Iraq is the latest and, in some ways, the severest test of the all-volunteer force. It is a test that actually started with the end of the Cold War, during the administration of the first President Bush. The first Gulf War seemed to definitively answer the question of the efficacy of the all-volunteer force.After 10 years of war, it’s time to gather lessons. For the last 10 years, the United States has conducted a nearly unprecedented experiment: fighting two wars with a completely volunteer force. Many commentators predicted failure and collapse. Instead, military forces have remained effective even in the face of great stress, uncertain ... ku football commits anime blue aesthetic wallpaper Department of Defense (DoD) leadership consistently extols the importance of troops as “our greatest asset,” yet also consistently fails to look beyond investment in technology and platforms to maintain a stronger connection with society. 3 An increasing familiarity gap between the public and service members is inescapably linked with the willingness to engage in military action.on all aspects of a child's health, development and well-being. 7. The warning signs and symptoms of child abuse and neglect can vary from child to child. Disabled children may be especially vulnerable to abuse, including because they may have an impaired capacity to resist or avoid abuse. They may have speech, university bus 1 lug 2003 ... When our country's All-Volunteer Force was born on July 1, 1973, no comparable military in the world operated on a fully volunteer basis.Mark N. Katz. The British Ministry of Defense (MoD) reported in its latest update on the war in Ukraine that Redut, which has been involved in the conflict since the beginning, is recruiting mercenaries "under the guise of 'volunteers,' including former Wagner personnel." The update noted that the Kremlin "likely supervises and finances" …In most ways, the all-volunteer force has been a tremendous success. The U.S. military today is the most capable, effective, and professional military force in the world. Despite serious concerns that the demands of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan would “break” the all-volunteer force, it has proven more durable and resilient than even its ...LPD #22 - Maintaining the All-Volunteer Force. Follow. from U.S. Army TRADOC. 7 months ago — via Parallel Uploader. Recommended; Description; Comments.Jul 18, 2022 · When you layer that on top of the fact that fewer people are likely to recommend military service, it paints a very clear picture of concern related to the future of the all-volunteer force.” Jul 3, 2023 · The All-Volunteer Force Is in Crisis. Fifty years ago, one American faced Independence Day having just lost much of his personal freedom. Dwight Elliot Stone, the U.S. military’s last draftee, was inducted into the United States Army on June 30, 1973. Private Stone served not in Vietnam but in the safer yet equally humid swamps of Fort Polk ... Veterans for All Voters. 1,460 followers. 1mo. Join us today at 3 pm ET (Noon PT), for some reflections on 9/11, and testimonials from veterans who continue serving to defend our …The decision lo move to an all-vol u nteer force ( A VF J was made prior to 27 March 1969 when President Nixon appointed an advisory eommis sion on an all-volunteer armed force under the chairmanship of The Hou amble Thomas S. Gates Jr., former secretary of defense. The President's statement announcing the formationYarden Reskin, a member of Mefalsim’s volunteer security force who spent hours exchanging fire with militants – helping prevent any deaths inside the community – …By Stuart SchellerFebruary 03, 2023. America’s all-volunteer military is slowly shrinking in size and talent despite leadership’s prevention efforts. Without new leadership and ideas, war inevitably becomes the only safeguard against America’s pending military implosion. The Commandant of the Marine Corps addressed current military ...The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force', Bernard Rostker describes the development and history of our all-volunteer military from 1960 through 2006… A fascinating and truly useful aspect of this book is Rostker's pairing of narrative chapters describing historical developments with documentary chapters in which he reviews the analyses and ...The United States Must Not Enflame Central Asian Conflicts. by Alex Little September 21, 2023. can you ship to a ups store for pickup “There was a great deal of concern on the part of the Army itself and American society and pundits that the U.S. was not going to be able to sustain an all-volunteer force,” said University of Kansas history professor Beth Bailey, who wrote America’s Army: Making the All-Volunteer Force.The 50th anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force has coincided with the most acute recruiting crisis in decades. Each of the services has struggled to meet recruiting goals, but none more so than the Army, which failed to meet its target by 15,000 soldiers, or 25 percent, during fiscal year 2022. The recruiting crisis has combined with ... how many hours is 11am to 5pm Jul 1, 2023 · The establishment of the All-Volunteer Force in 1973 represented a pivotal transition from the draft system to a voluntary military, ushering in a more professional and dedicated force. Researchers from CNAS’ Military, Veterans, and Society Program share their insights on the significance of this milestone and its implications for the future ... When Hamas militants broke through the Gaza fence in this month’s unprecedented attack on Israel, the kibbutz of Mefalsim was on the front lines. Members …By Courtney Kube and Mosheh Gains. About 2,000 U.S. troops have been put on prepare-to-deploy orders for possible support to Israel, according to a defense …1973. 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of the all-volunteer force. Established on July 1, 1973, the all-volunteer force was a return to the tradition of voluntary service in the military. survival island poptropica walkthrough “There was a great deal of concern on the part of the Army itself and American society and pundits that the U.S. was not going to be able to sustain an all-volunteer force,” said University of Kansas history professor Beth Bailey, who wrote America’s Army: Making the All-Volunteer Force.Miss Teen Baguio Grand Coronation NightApril 13 - 14, 2023 Recordings of the 2023 On War Military History Symposium will be made available soon. On June 30, 1973, America's All Volunteer Force was born but young men continue to be obligated to register for Selective Service and the government retains its legal right to conscript citizens into the military. 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of the birth of the AVF, a fitting milestone ...Jun 26, 2008 · The idea of an all-volunteer force, while not new, was born amidst the withdrawal of U.S. forces from South Vietnam in the summer of 1969. President Richard M. Nixon, who had called for an end to ... Jun 30, 2023 · WASHINGTON — On July 1, 2023, the U.S. Army and the nation celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the all-volunteer force. For half a century, the call to serve has been answered with Americans... The All-Volunteer Force is the most comprehensive assessment of the force since its advent and reveals the momentous sway the AVF has had on the military, government, and society. In crafting this far-reaching collection of essays, William A. Taylor examines the AVF in four distinct parts, analyzing its history, results, challenges, and ...To submit an event for announcement on the JBLE Happenings, complete the submission form.. 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' Contest & Rules - The 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' will take place at the 128th Aviation Brigade school house, Friday, Oct. 27, 5:30 - 8:30 p.m. Anyone with base access is eligible to participate in the 'Trunk or Treat' contest, but must ...Jun 28, 2023 · The All-Volunteer Force came into effect on July 1, 1973, after recommendations from the Gates Commission won over debate on Capitol Hill. President Nixon signed the bill on September 21, 1971 ... of the all-volunteer force. From a sustainability perspective, many question whether the all-volunteer army can effectively meet the U.S.’s needs, given deployments in Iraq, …After 10 years of war, it’s time to gather lessons. For the last 10 years, the United States has conducted a nearly unprecedented experiment: fighting two wars with a completely volunteer force. Many commentators predicted failure and collapse. Instead, military forces have remained effective even in the face of great stress, uncertain ...We have an all-volunteer force and it continues only because generations of Americans see the honor, dignity, and patriotism of military service. If we hope to sustain this force, it is essentialIn the hustle and bustle of the holiday season, it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of gift-giving and receiving. However, Christmas is also a time for giving back to those in need. One way to make a meaningful impact on this speci...Yarden Reskin, a member of Mefalsim’s volunteer security force who spent hours exchanging fire with militants – helping prevent any deaths inside the community – …all-volunteer force is fighting the longest war of the all-volunteer era. NCOs have significantly contributed to the success of these conflicts as small-unit leaders. The all-volunteer force allowed the Army to set standards for enlistment as opposed to conscription where any able-bodied individuals could serve. In 1973, only half of the recruitsThe war in Iraq is the latest and, in some ways, the severest test of the all-volunteer force. It is a test that actually started with the end of the Cold War, during the administration of the first President Bush. The first Gulf War seemed to definitively answer the question of the efficacy of the all-volunteer force.By Courtney Kube and Mosheh Gains. About 2,000 U.S. troops have been put on prepare-to-deploy orders for possible support to Israel, according to a defense official. The troops are not being sent ... rocket city reckoning wayfarer maker crossword clue The All-Volunteer Armed Forces In 1973, the United States ended the draft after more than three decades and returned to an all-volunteer force (AVF). Four years later, the author conducts...Department of Defense (DoD) leadership consistently extols the importance of troops as “our greatest asset,” yet also consistently fails to look beyond investment in technology and platforms to maintain a stronger connection with society. 3 An increasing familiarity gap between the public and service members is inescapably linked with the willingness to engage in military action. sim edu Miss Teen Baguio Grand Coronation NightSep 21, 2023 · This year, the all-volunteer force’s 50th, has been another tough one for military recruiting. The largest services will all miss their recruiting targets. The Army, which fell short last year by 15,000 recruits — 25 percent of its annual goal — expects to fall short by over 15 percent this year. The Navy and Air Force will also miss ... The war in Iraq is the latest and, in some ways, the severest test of the all-volunteer force. It is a test that actually started with the end of the Cold War, during the administration of the first President Bush. The first Gulf War seemed to definitively answer the question of the efficacy of the all-volunteer force.King's Volunteer Reserves Medal. Exemplary personal performance over an extended period of service in the Reserve Forces. [1] The King's Volunteer Reserves Medal ( …The All-Volunteer Force came into effect on July 1, 1973, after recommendations from the Gates Commission won over debate on Capitol Hill. President Nixon signed the bill on September 21, 1971 ...31 lug 2023 ... These determined young people represent one element of the All-Volunteer Force (AVF), which marked its 50th anniversary this year after military ...The war in Iraq is the latest and, in some ways, the severest test of the all-volunteer force. It is a test that actually started with the end of the Cold War, during the administration of the first President Bush. The first Gulf War seemed to definitively answer the question of the efficacy of the all-volunteer force. its military. Although significantly strained at various points in its history, the All-Volunteer Force (AVF) has managed to provide the personnel necessary to support a wide range of military operations. Volunteers faced down th e threat of Soviet attack until the c ollapse of the Soviet Union.The 50th anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force has coincided with the most acute recruiting crisis in decades. Each of the services has struggled to meet recruiting goals, but none more so than the Army, which failed to meet its target by 15,000 soldiers, or 25 percent, during fiscal year 2022. The recruiting crisis has combined with ...The Report of the President's Commission on An All-Volunteer Armed Force is a historic document that outlines the proposal to abolish the draft and create a professional military in the United States. The report was commissioned by President Richard Nixon in 1969 and presented to him in 1970 by a panel of experts led by Thomas S. Gates Jr. The report explains the rationale, benefits and ...12 lug 2006 ... To attribute certain outcomes to the introduction of the AVF is to presume that the new volunteer army was markedly different from the force ...The year 2023, marks a major milestone for the United States: the 50 th anniversary of the establishment of an all-volunteer force (AVF). 2023 also marks the 75 th anniversary of Executive Order 9981, President Harry Truman's decision to end the Jim Crow era in the armed forces, as well as the 75 th anniversary of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act, the law that allowed women to ...Through April, the Army had recruited 68% of its goal, 8,282 soldiers fewer than its target. The Navy had a shortfall of 1,473 sailors, or 8% short of its goal. The Air Force, Marine Corps and ...Oct 2, 2022 · “In the Army’s most challenging recruiting year since the start of the all-volunteer force, we will only achieve 75% of our fiscal year 22 recruiting goal,” Army Secretary Christine Wormuth ... Apr 24, 2023 · Maintaining the All-Volunteer Force Requires Doubling Down on People. War is an inherently human endeavor, as is deterring conflict and maintaining peace. Soldiers play a role in both, and while matériel will always be necessary, investment in those who will execute the combat and support missions is paramount. April 13 - 14, 2023 Recordings of the 2023 On War Military History Symposium will be made available soon. On June 30, 1973, America's All Volunteer Force was born but young men continue to be obligated to register for Selective Service and the government retains its legal right to conscript citizens into the military. 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of the birth of the AVF, a fitting milestone ... wichita shocker oracle cloud.com A Brief History of the AVF. The Nixon administration created the All-Volunteer Force in 1973, in the final days of the Vietnam War. 3 During the 15 years that followed, the Department of Defense built AVF 1.0, a force optimized to fight short wars with overwhelming force, and to conduct the occasional “operation other than war,” too.All-volunteer force (AVF), military force composed solely of volunteers, without resorting to a military draft. The United Kingdom was one of the first nations to abolish conscription and has relied on an AVF since 1960, followed by New Zealand and Australia in 1972. Jun 24, 2023 · “The All-Volunteer Force is a timely and important look at the history, challenges, consequences, and significance of America’s volunteer military. William Taylor has assembled an impressive array of essays from veterans and leading scholars in the fields of military, social, and economic history. By Stuart SchellerFebruary 03, 2023. America’s all-volunteer military is slowly shrinking in size and talent despite leadership’s prevention efforts. Without new leadership and ideas, war inevitably becomes the only safeguard against America’s pending military implosion. The Commandant of the Marine Corps addressed current military ...The movement from conscription to an all-volunteer force (AVF) was a contentious issue when it was proposed in the 1960s. However, concerns about relying on volunteers to maintain a professional military at required levels have proven to be unfounded.Mar 21, 2023 · The Space Force intends to spend $12 million to promote its brand in the public sector. [RELATED: Air Force Will Likely Miss Recruiting Goals, Service Secretary Says] MOAA’s Position. The all-volunteer force is our national strategic advantage. Maintaining such a capability requires protecting the quality of life for our uniformed community. ticketing central By NICOLAS PELHAM. A few hours after Hamas slaughtered hundreds of civilians in Israel on October 7th, the man who planned the attacks made a rare public appearance. A video broadcast on Hamas's ...The war in Iraq is the latest and, in some ways, the severest test of the all-volunteer force. It is a test that actually started with the end of the Cold War, during the administration of the first President Bush. The first Gulf War seemed to definitively answer the question of the efficacy of the all-volunteer force. GENEVA (12 February 2016) – United Nations human rights experts* today urged the Government of Nigeria to ensure that the areas they claim to have liberated from Boko …Fiscal year (FY) 2022 marked the U.S. Army’s worst recruiting year since the inception of the all-volunteer force (AVF) in 1973. 1 The Army missed its target of sixty thousand recruits by nearly fifteen thousand, leading to a reduction in end strength of twenty-one thousand over the previous year and prompting Secretary of the Army Christine ... bjt circuit analysis ku athletics tickets All-Volunteer Force 16 5. Distribution of AFQT Scores for Non-Prior-Service Recruits in the All-Volunteer Force, by Scoring Category, 1973 to 2006 17 6. Percentage of Non-Prior-Service Recruits Considered High Quality by the Military, 1973 to 2006 18 7. Percentage of Black Personnel in the Active Enlisted Force, by Service, 1973 to 2006 22 8.May 15, 2018 · In most ways, the all-volunteer force has been a tremendous success. The U.S. military today is the most capable, effective, and professional military force in the world. Despite serious concerns that the demands of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan would “break” the all-volunteer force, it has proven more durable and resilient than even its ... To submit an event for announcement on the JBLE Happenings, complete the submission form.. 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' Contest & Rules - The 2023 Fort Eustis Fall Fest 'Trunk or Treat' will take place at the 128th Aviation Brigade school house, Friday, Oct. 27, 5:30 - 8:30 p.m. Anyone with base access is eligible to participate in the 'Trunk or Treat' contest, but must ... starting lineup kansas Product name, The All-Volunteer Force: Fifty Years of Service. Brand, null. Sub-brand, null. Type, null. Life stage, null. Appropriate for ages, null.Jun 28, 2023 · The 50th anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force has coincided with the most acute recruiting crisis in decades. Each of the services has struggled to meet recruiting goals, but none more so than the Army, which failed to meet its target by 15,000 soldiers, or 25 percent, during fiscal year 2022. The recruiting crisis has combined with ... For the Air Force, a key shortfall is the lack of pilots: At the end of 2021, the service faced a shortage of 1,650 aviators, down from 1,925 the year before, Air Force spokesperson Rose Riley ... worcester train station schedule children in the workplace Jun 30, 2023 · WASHINGTON — On July 1, 2023, the U.S. Army and the nation celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the all-volunteer force. For half a century, the call to serve has been answered with Americans... This past July marked the 50th anniversary of the American military moving to an all-volunteer force, doing away with the draft, lotteries and conscripting young men …When you layer that on top of the fact that fewer people are likely to recommend military service, it paints a very clear picture of concern related to the future of the all-volunteer force.”The year 2023, marks a major milestone for the United States: the 50 th anniversary of the establishment of an all-volunteer force (AVF). 2023 also marks the 75 th anniversary of Executive Order 9981, President Harry Truman's decision to end the Jim Crow era in the armed forces, as well as the 75 th anniversary of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act, the law that allowed women to ...Mark N. Katz. The British Ministry of Defense (MoD) reported in its latest update on the war in Ukraine that Redut, which has been involved in the conflict since the beginning, is recruiting mercenaries "under the guise of 'volunteers,' including former Wagner personnel." The update noted that the Kremlin "likely supervises and finances" …11K subscribers in the Sudan community. A place for sharing and discussing all things related to Sudan. Posts are welcome in both English and Arabic…The Red Cross is an organization that has been helping people in need for over 150 years. As a volunteer, you can make a real difference in the lives of those who are suffering from natural disasters, health crises, and other emergencies.5 apr 2021 ... ... force the end of the war. And that, political leaders across ... The All‐Volunteer Force was inaugurated in 1973. The AVF survived a ...From Black Boots to Desert Boots: The All-Volunteer Army Experiment Continues (Philadelphia, PA: Foreign Policy Research Institute, May 2014). 11 . The Report of The President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, 12-20. 12 Mark J. Eitelberg, “The All-Volunteer Force after Twenty Years,” in . Professionals on the Front If you have a passion for animals and want to make a difference in their lives, volunteering at a local rescue shelter is a rewarding way to do so. Not only will you be able to help animals in need, but you’ll also be supporting your local ...Short of total war, the all-volunteer force, which has ensured safety and prosperity for the past 50 years, should be maintained at all costs. We must revamp military accessions and recruiting...Sep 21, 2023 · The United States Must Not Enflame Central Asian Conflicts. by Alex Little September 21, 2023. ON FEBRUARY 23, 1970—the day after the New York Times printed the substance of the Gates Commission report—forty-two agencies got letters soliciting bids for the army’s recruiting advertising account. The timing is the stuff of Hollywood film and television sitcom, the fortuitous coincidence on which the course of history turns, though ... Apr 25, 2023 · July 18, 2023 12:05 pm (EST) This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of United States’ all-volunteer military force. It also coincides with one of the worst recruiting years for the U.S ... “In the Army’s most challenging recruiting year since the start of the all-volunteer force, we will only achieve 75% of our fiscal year 22 recruiting goal,” Army Secretary Christine Wormuth ... medicina en cuba irv2 app It marked another 50-year milestone on the way to the all-volunteer force. Fifty years ago this month, President Richard Nixon signed into law the bill that would be the death knell of the draft. The Military Selective Service Act nearly doubled the pay of first-term recruits, which Nixon hailed as "a significant step toward an all volunteer ... auto care credit The Report of the President's Commission on An All-Volunteer Armed Force is a historic document that outlines the proposal to abolish the draft and create a professional military in the United States. The report was commissioned by President Richard Nixon in 1969 and presented to him in 1970 by a panel of experts led by Thomas S. Gates Jr. The report explains the rationale, benefits and ... The year 2023, marks a major milestone for the United States: the 50 th anniversary of the establishment of an all-volunteer force (AVF). 2023 also marks the 75 th anniversary of Executive Order 9981, President Harry Truman's decision to end the Jim Crow era in the armed forces, as well as the 75 th anniversary of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act, the law that allowed women to ...When you layer that on top of the fact that fewer people are likely to recommend military service, it paints a very clear picture of concern related to the future of the all-volunteer force.”The Report of the President's Commission on An All-Volunteer Armed Force is a historic document that outlines the proposal to abolish the draft and create a professional military in the United States. The report was commissioned by President Richard Nixon in 1969 and presented to him in 1970 by a panel of experts led by Thomas S. Gates Jr. The report explains the rationale, benefits and ...The All-Volunteer Armed Forces In 1973, the United States ended the draft after more than three decades and returned to an all-volunteer force (AVF). Four years later, the author conducts...Te decision to move to an all-volunteer force (AVF) was made prior to 27 March 1969 when President Nixon appointed an advisory commission on an all-volunteer armed force under the chair-manship of Te Honorable Tomas S. Gates Jr., former secretary of defense. Te President’s state-ment announcing the formation of the commission July 18, 2023 12:05 pm (EST) This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of United States’ all-volunteer military force. It also coincides with one of the worst recruiting years for the U.S ...During a time when the United States military is fighting two wars simultaneously, scholars, military veterans, and members of the general public discussed the ...The all-volunteer force remains a successful reform born out of the Vietnam era. Evidence of this success is noteworthy this year for many reasons. The anniversary of Desert Storm certainly brings ...ON FEBRUARY 23, 1970—the day after the New York Times printed the substance of the Gates Commission report—forty-two agencies got letters soliciting bids for the army’s recruiting advertising account. The timing is the stuff of Hollywood film and television sitcom, the fortuitous coincidence on which the course of history turns, though ... By the Numbers: A look at a potential return to the draft. The fifth annual All-Volunteer Force Conference looking at the state of the volunteer force since its inception in 1973 and whether ...This year, the all-volunteer force’s 50th, has been another tough one for military recruiting. The largest services will all miss their recruiting targets. The Army, which fell short last year by 15,000 recruits — 25 percent of its annual goal — expects to fall short by over 15 percent this year.Since then the U.S. has fielded an all-volunteer military force. Over the next couple of weeks, NPR will be looking at what that has meant for each of the armed services and for the country. This ...A register of all in force general directions may be inspected during office hours at the relevant harbour office of the Council (article 31). This Order creates an offence of failing to comply with special or general directions, the penalty for which is a fine on summary conviction not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale (article 35).Volunteering is an incredibly rewarding experience. Not only does it give you the opportunity to help others, but it can also be a great way to meet new people and learn new skills.Through April, the Army had recruited 68% of its goal, 8,282 soldiers fewer than its target. The Navy had a shortfall of 1,473 sailors, or 8% short of its goal. The Air Force, Marine Corps and ...Sep 21, 2023 · The United States Must Not Enflame Central Asian Conflicts. by Alex Little September 21, 2023. Through April, the Army had recruited 68% of its goal, 8,282 soldiers fewer than its target. The Navy had a shortfall of 1,473 sailors, or 8% short of its goal. The Air Force, Marine Corps and ...America's Army is the story of the all-volunteer force, from the draft protests and policy proposals of the 1960s through the Iraq War. Based on exhaustive archival research, as well as interviews with Army officers and recruiters, advertising executives, and policy makers, America's Army confronts the political, moral, and social issues a volunteer force raises for a democratic society as ... karli schmidt volleyball marketting major In the winter and spring of 2020, the world found itself in the midst of a pandemic. With so many in need, healthy citizens began wondering how they could help and if they could volunteer during the pandemic.Mark N. Katz. The British Ministry of Defense (MoD) reported in its latest update on the war in Ukraine that Redut, which has been involved in the conflict since the beginning, is recruiting mercenaries "under the guise of 'volunteers,' including former Wagner personnel." The update noted that the Kremlin "likely supervises and finances" …House Majority Whip Tom Emmer, R-Minn., began making calls to run for speaker after Jordan's exit from the race, according to a source familiar. As whip, Emmer …Nov 23, 2009 · America's Army is the story of the all-volunteer force, from the draft protests and policy proposals of the 1960s through the Iraq War. Based on exhaustive archival research, as well as interviews with Army officers and recruiters, advertising executives, and policy makers, America's Army confronts the political, moral, and social issues a volunteer force raises for a democratic society as ... Mar 10, 2023 · The all-volunteer force may finally have reached its breaking point. During the first years of the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, many military experts worried that the constant deployments would “break” the force since they expected that fewer young Americans would volunteer to serve in a wartime military. Sep 11, 2023 · Taking these hidden and neglected costs into account, the actual cost to the nation of an all-volunteer force will be lower than the cost of the present force. See Thomas Gates et al., The Report of the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, February 1970, 9. haitian island The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force', Bernard Rostker describes the development and history of our all-volunteer military from 1960 through 2006… A fascinating and truly useful aspect of this book is Rostker's pairing of narrative chapters describing historical developments with documentary chapters in which he reviews the analyses and ...A Brief History of the AVF. The Nixon administration created the All-Volunteer Force in 1973, in the final days of the Vietnam War. 3 During the 15 years that followed, the Department of Defense built AVF 1.0, a force optimized to fight short wars with overwhelming force, and to conduct the occasional “operation other than war,” too.Te decision to move to an all-volunteer force (AVF) was made prior to 27 March 1969 when President Nixon appointed an advisory commission on an all-volunteer armed force under the chair-manship of Te Honorable Tomas S. Gates Jr., former secretary of defense. Te President’s state-ment announcing the formation of the commission The establishment of the All-Volunteer Force in 1973 represented a pivotal transition from the draft system to a voluntary military, ushering in a more professional and dedicated force. Researchers from CNAS’ Military, Veterans, and Society Program share their insights on the significance of this milestone and its implications for the future ... what are cultural groups teaching license class